Ontologies, schemas & standards · across every domain

See how the world’s schemas fit together.

A curated, automatically evaluated catalog of ontologies, schemas, vocabularies and data standards across the sciences, from biomedicine and earth science to chemistry, engineering and the humanities. Every entry is scored against the FAIR principles, ontology quality, maintenance and community adoption, with the exact version evaluated and full provenance.

Resources
2688
Categories
15
Adopting projects
228
Avg. score
31

Browse by domain

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Foundational & Upper OntologiesTop-level ontologies and shared relations that other domains build on and align to.39 resources + 13 from other domainsMetadata, Provenance & PublishingDescribing datasets, catalogs, provenance, people, citations and licences, on the web and in research.518 resources + 102 from other domainsLife SciencesGenes, proteins, cells, anatomy, taxonomy, investigations and bioinformatics.363 resources + 174 from other domainsHealth & ClinicalDiseases, phenotypes, clinical terminologies and healthcare data models.166 resources + 114 from other domainsNeuroscienceBrain data standards, behaviour and neuroscience metadata. See neuroschema.org for the full neuroscience catalog.51 resources + 23 from other domainsChemistry & MaterialsChemical entities, reactions, methods and materials.99 resources + 74 from other domainsEarth & EnvironmentEnvironments, earth science, geospatial data, sensors and observations.306 resources + 71 from other domainsAgriculture, Food & PlantsCrops, plants, traits, livestock and food.51 resources + 82 from other domainsPhysical Sciences, Maths & UnitsQuantities and units of measure, mathematics, statistics, physics and astronomy.54 resources + 50 from other domainsEngineering & Built EnvironmentSmart devices, buildings, the Internet of Things and industrial data.217 resources + 77 from other domainsHumanities & CultureCultural heritage, art, archives, media, music and language.131 resources + 76 from other domainsPrivacy, Security & LawData protection and GDPR, consent, contracts and licences, cybersecurity and legal knowledge.55 resources + 35 from other domainsSociety, Government & BusinessGovernment, law, economics, business, transport, tourism, people and organisations.196 resources + 98 from other domainsComputing & SoftwareSoftware, research code and data-science methods.88 resources + 70 from other domainsMultidisciplinary & GeneralVocabularies that span many fields or that registries have not assigned to a single domain.354 resources

Cross-domain fit

How domains connect

Each line joins two domains that share ontologies or schemas, either because one resource is used in both, or because a resource in one imports a resource in the other. Thicker lines mean more sharing. Foundational ontologies, units and metadata vocabularies are the bridges.

Strongest bridges

  1. BFO Basic Formal Ontology
  2. RO Relation Ontology
  3. ChEBI Chemical Entities of Biological Interest
  4. EFO Experimental Factor Ontology
  5. BAO BioAssay Ontology
  6. OWL-Time Time Ontology in OWL
  7. QUDT Quantities, Units, Dimensions, and Types Ontology
Health & Clinical ↔ Life Sciences: 378 sharedLife Sciences ↔ Metadata, Provenance & Publishing: 264 sharedFoundational & Upper Ontologies ↔ Life Sciences: 234 sharedChemistry & Materials ↔ Life Sciences: 129 sharedHealth & Clinical ↔ Metadata, Provenance & Publishing: 122 sharedEarth & Environment ↔ Life Sciences: 98 sharedFoundational & Upper Ontologies ↔ Health & Clinical: 94 sharedAgriculture, Food & Plants ↔ Life Sciences: 81 sharedLife Sciences ↔ Multidisciplinary & General: 68 sharedAgriculture, Food & Plants ↔ Health & Clinical: 67 sharedEarth & Environment ↔ Metadata, Provenance & Publishing: 53 sharedComputing & Software ↔ Metadata, Provenance & Publishing: 52 sharedHumanities & Culture ↔ Metadata, Provenance & Publishing: 51 sharedChemistry & Materials ↔ Health & Clinical: 50 sharedHumanities & Culture ↔ Life Sciences: 50 sharedEarth & Environment ↔ Engineering & Built Environment: 49 sharedEarth & Environment ↔ Health & Clinical: 49 sharedMetadata, Provenance & Publishing ↔ Society, Government & Business: 46 sharedFoundational & Upper Ontologies ↔ Metadata, Provenance & Publishing: 46 sharedEngineering & Built Environment ↔ Society, Government & Business: 40 sharedChemistry & Materials ↔ Metadata, Provenance & Publishing: 40 sharedLife Sciences ↔ Society, Government & Business: 37 sharedEngineering & Built Environment ↔ Life Sciences: 37 sharedLife Sciences ↔ Physical Sciences, Maths & Units: 35 sharedHealth & Clinical ↔ Neuroscience: 34 sharedComputing & Software ↔ Life Sciences: 34 sharedAgriculture, Food & Plants ↔ Earth & Environment: 33 sharedLife Sciences ↔ Neuroscience: 33 sharedHealth & Clinical ↔ Multidisciplinary & General: 29 sharedEngineering & Built Environment ↔ Metadata, Provenance & Publishing: 29 sharedChemistry & Materials ↔ Earth & Environment: 26 sharedChemistry & Materials ↔ Engineering & Built Environment: 25 sharedChemistry & Materials ↔ Foundational & Upper Ontologies: 24 sharedEngineering & Built Environment ↔ Humanities & Culture: 24 sharedHealth & Clinical ↔ Humanities & Culture: 23 sharedAgriculture, Food & Plants ↔ Metadata, Provenance & Publishing: 23 sharedEarth & Environment ↔ Foundational & Upper Ontologies: 21 sharedAgriculture, Food & Plants ↔ Foundational & Upper Ontologies: 20 sharedComputing & Software ↔ Engineering & Built Environment: 19 sharedMetadata, Provenance & Publishing ↔ Privacy, Security & Law: 19 sharedChemistry & Materials ↔ Physical Sciences, Maths & Units: 18 sharedMetadata, Provenance & Publishing ↔ Physical Sciences, Maths & Units: 18 sharedPrivacy, Security & Law ↔ Society, Government & Business: 17 sharedComputing & Software ↔ Health & Clinical: 16 sharedAgriculture, Food & Plants ↔ Engineering & Built Environment: 16 sharedEarth & Environment ↔ Society, Government & Business: 16 sharedEarth & Environment ↔ Humanities & Culture: 15 sharedHealth & Clinical ↔ Physical Sciences, Maths & Units: 15 sharedAgriculture, Food & Plants ↔ Chemistry & Materials: 15 sharedComputing & Software ↔ Society, Government & Business: 14 sharedEarth & Environment ↔ Physical Sciences, Maths & Units: 14 sharedMetadata, Provenance & Publishing ↔ Multidisciplinary & General: 14 sharedHumanities & Culture ↔ Society, Government & Business: 13 sharedComputing & Software ↔ Humanities & Culture: 12 sharedEngineering & Built Environment ↔ Physical Sciences, Maths & Units: 11 sharedEngineering & Built Environment ↔ Health & Clinical: 11 sharedComputing & Software ↔ Earth & Environment: 11 sharedAgriculture, Food & Plants ↔ Humanities & Culture: 9 sharedAgriculture, Food & Plants ↔ Physical Sciences, Maths & Units: 9 sharedMetadata, Provenance & Publishing ↔ Neuroscience: 8 sharedComputing & Software ↔ Physical Sciences, Maths & Units: 8 sharedComputing & Software ↔ Foundational & Upper Ontologies: 8 sharedComputing & Software ↔ Privacy, Security & Law: 7 sharedChemistry & Materials ↔ Multidisciplinary & General: 7 sharedHealth & Clinical ↔ Society, Government & Business: 7 sharedEngineering & Built Environment ↔ Privacy, Security & Law: 7 sharedLife Sciences ↔ Privacy, Security & Law: 7 sharedHealth & Clinical ↔ Privacy, Security & Law: 7 sharedFoundational & Upper Ontologies ↔ Neuroscience: 7 sharedChemistry & Materials ↔ Humanities & Culture: 7 sharedEngineering & Built Environment ↔ Foundational & Upper Ontologies: 7 sharedFoundational & Upper Ontologies ↔ Multidisciplinary & General: 7 sharedChemistry & Materials ↔ Computing & Software: 6 sharedFoundational & Upper Ontologies ↔ Society, Government & Business: 6 sharedAgriculture, Food & Plants ↔ Multidisciplinary & General: 5 sharedEarth & Environment ↔ Neuroscience: 5 sharedAgriculture, Food & Plants ↔ Neuroscience: 5 sharedEarth & Environment ↔ Multidisciplinary & General: 5 sharedHumanities & Culture ↔ Privacy, Security & Law: 4 sharedPhysical Sciences, Maths & Units ↔ Society, Government & Business: 4 sharedAgriculture, Food & Plants ↔ Computing & Software: 4 sharedAgriculture, Food & Plants ↔ Society, Government & Business: 4 sharedChemistry & Materials ↔ Neuroscience: 4 sharedFoundational & Upper Ontologies ↔ Physical Sciences, Maths & Units: 3 sharedNeuroscience ↔ Physical Sciences, Maths & Units: 3 sharedComputing & Software ↔ Neuroscience: 3 sharedEngineering & Built Environment ↔ Neuroscience: 2 sharedFoundational & Upper Ontologies ↔ Humanities & Culture: 2 sharedHumanities & Culture ↔ Physical Sciences, Maths & Units: 2 sharedChemistry & Materials ↔ Society, Government & Business: 2 sharedEarth & Environment ↔ Privacy, Security & Law: 2 sharedChemistry & Materials ↔ Privacy, Security & Law: 2 sharedComputing & Software ↔ Multidisciplinary & General: 2 sharedAgriculture, Food & Plants ↔ Privacy, Security & Law: 2 sharedMultidisciplinary & General ↔ Neuroscience: 2 sharedHumanities & Culture ↔ Neuroscience: 2 sharedPhysical Sciences, Maths & Units ↔ Privacy, Security & Law: 1 sharedEngineering & Built Environment ↔ Multidisciplinary & General: 1 sharedHumanities & Culture ↔ Multidisciplinary & General: 1 sharedMultidisciplinary & General ↔ Physical Sciences, Maths & Units: 1 sharedFoundational & Upper Ontologies: 52 resourcesFoundationalMetadata, Provenance & Publishing: 620 resourcesMetadataLife Sciences: 537 resourcesLife SciencesHealth & Clinical: 280 resourcesHealthNeuroscience: 74 resourcesNeuroscienceChemistry & Materials: 173 resourcesChemistryEarth & Environment: 377 resourcesEarthAgriculture, Food & Plants: 133 resourcesAgriculturePhysical Sciences, Maths & Units: 104 resourcesPhysical SciencesEngineering & Built Environment: 294 resourcesEngineeringHumanities & Culture: 207 resourcesHumanitiesPrivacy, Security & Law: 90 resourcesPrivacySociety, Government & Business: 294 resourcesSocietyComputing & Software: 158 resourcesComputingMultidisciplinary & General: 354 resourcesMultidisciplinary
Node size: resources used in the domain. Hover a line for the count.

Highest rated

See all 2688 →
Ontology A96*

UBERONUber-anatomy Ontology

A cross-species anatomy ontology covering animals, with extensive coverage of nervous system structures. It is the common anatomy backbone for many cell, expression and phenotype resources.

Life Sciences+3 domains 2026-10-01
OWLOBOJSON FAIR 47/48 · 14 adopters
Ontology A95

CLCell Ontology

The reference ontology of cell types across organisms, with a large and growing branch of neuron and glial types.

Life Sciences+2 domains 2026-06-08
OWLOBOJSON FAIR 48/48 · 9 adopters
Ontology A95*

MONDOMondo Disease Ontology

A unified disease ontology that merges many disease resources, with comprehensive coverage of neurological and neurodevelopmental disorders.

Health & Clinical+2 domains 2026-10-06
OWLOBOJSON FAIR 48/48 · 6 adopters
Ontology A93

OBIOntology for Biomedical Investigations

The Ontology for Biomedical Investigations (OBI) project is developing an integrated ontology for the description of biological and clinical investigations. The ontology will represent the design of an investigation, the protocols and instrumentation used, the material used, the data generated and the type analysis performed on it. Currently OBI is being built under the Basic Formal Ontology (BFO).

Life Sciences+2 domains 2026-07-27
OWLOBO FAIR 48/48 · 5 adopters
Ontology A92*

GOGene Ontology

Describes gene product functions, processes and locations, including synaptic transmission, neurotransmitter release and neuron development.

Life Sciences+3 domains 2026-07-26
OWLOBOJSON FAIR 48/48 · 6 adopters
Ontology A92

DOIDHuman Disease Ontology

The Disease Ontology has been developed as a standardized ontology for human disease with the purpose of providing the biomedical community with consistent, reusable and sustainable descriptions of human disease terms, phenotype characteristics and related medical vocabulary disease concepts.

Health & Clinical+1 domain 2026-10-29
OWLOBOJSON FAIR 48/48 · 3 adopters

Recently updated

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Ontology D46*

SPDX3System Package Data Exchange

The System Package Data Exchange™ (SPDX®) specification is an open standard designed to represent systems containing software components as Software Bill of Materials (SBOMs). Additionally, SPDX supports AI, data, and security references, making it suitable for a wide range of risk management use cases. This _spdx3_ prefix is for SPDX 3.x versions. For earlier versions, use _spdx.term_.

OWL FAIR 25/48 · 0 adopters
Ontology B70

MODPSI-MOD Protein Modifications Ontology

The Proteomics Standards Initiative modification ontology (PSI-MOD) aims to define a concensus nomenclature and ontology reconciling, in a hierarchical representation, the complementary descriptions of residue modifications.

Life Sciences+2 domains 1.039.0
OWLOBO FAIR 42/48 · 0 adopters
Vocabulary C57*

VOC4CATA vocabulary for the catalysis disciplines

Voc4Cat is a [SKOS](https://www.w3.org/TR/2009/REC-skos-reference-20090818/) vocabulary for the catalysis disciplines. The vocabulary was created in the [NFDI4Cat](http://www.nfdi4cat.org/) initiative. The first collection of terms was published in June 2023 with a focus on photo catalysis. Our goal is to continuously extend the vocabulary to other areas of catalysis and related disciplines like chemical engineering or materials science.

Chemistry & Materials v2026-02-24
OWL FAIR 34/48 · 0 adopters
Ontology C55*

TFOTransformON

A domain ontology on food and bioproduct processing and characterization that is a specialization of the PO2 ontology (Process and Observation Ontology).

RDF FAIR 29/48 · 0 adopters
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