{
  "id": "gfo",
  "acronym": "GFO",
  "name": "General Formal Ontology",
  "category": "foundational",
  "domains": [
    "health",
    "life"
  ],
  "kind": "ontology",
  "description": "The General Formal Ontology is a top-level ontology for conceptual modeling, which is being constantly further developed by Onto-Med. It includes elaborations of categories like objects, processes, time and space, properties, relations, roles, functions, facts, and situations. Moreover, we are working on an integration with the notion of levels of reality in order to more appropriately capture entities in the material, mental, and social areas.",
  "formats": [
    "OWL"
  ],
  "license": "CC BY 4.0",
  "homepage": "https://www.onto-med.de/ontologies/gfo",
  "download": "http://www.onto-med.de/ontologies/gfo.owl",
  "bioportal": "GFO",
  "bioregistry": "gfo",
  "publications": [],
  "usedBy": [],
  "tags": [
    "biomedical science",
    "engineering",
    "foundational ontologies",
    "life science",
    "ontology"
  ],
  "url": "https://schemascope.org/o/gfo/",
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        "url": "https://www.onto-med.de/ontologies/gfo",
        "code": 200,
        "state": "ok",
        "lastModified": "2026-10-25T08:23:15.000Z",
        "checkedAt": "2026-10-26T02:57:37.562Z"
      },
      "repository": null,
      "download": {
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        "code": 200,
        "state": "ok",
        "resolvedUrl": "https://www.onto-med.de/sites/www.onto-med.de/files/files/uploads/Ontologies/gfo.owl",
        "lastModified": "2019-05-01T01:14:58.000Z",
        "checkedAt": "2026-10-26T02:57:38.317Z"
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    "ols": null,
    "obo": null,
    "bioportal": null,
    "citations": [],
    "git": null,
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      "portal": "TIB Terminology Service",
      "id": "gfo",
      "api": "v1",
      "title": "General Formal Ontology (GFO)",
      "iri": "http://www.onto-med.de/ontologies/gfo-basic.owl",
      "versionIri": null,
      "version": "Version 1.0 ($Revision: 1.13 $)",
      "releaseDate": null,
      "terms": 44,
      "properties": 48,
      "individuals": 0,
      "importsFrom": [],
      "exportsTo": [],
      "languages": [],
      "loaded": "2024-02-15T23:14:12.717+0000",
      "status": "SKIP",
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      "source": "https://service.tib.eu/ts4tib/api/ontologies/gfo",
      "fetchedAt": "2026-10-26T02:57:39.093Z"
    },
    "dashboard": null,
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      "reasoner": "ELK",
      "robotVersion": "ROBOT version 1.9.7",
      "consistent": true,
      "unsatisfiable": 1,
      "owl2dl": true,
      "robot": {
        "ERROR": 139,
        "WARN": 146,
        "INFO": 1
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      "important": 4,
      "minor": 4,
      "pitfalls": [
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          "code": "P02",
          "name": "Creating synonyms as classes",
          "importance": "minor",
          "affected": 4
        },
        {
          "code": "P08-A",
          "name": "Missing annotations - Label & Comment",
          "importance": "minor",
          "affected": 144
        },
        {
          "code": "P11",
          "name": "Missing domain or range in properties",
          "importance": "important",
          "affected": 32
        },
        {
          "code": "P13-N",
          "name": "Inverse relationships not explicitly declared - No Suggestion",
          "importance": "minor",
          "affected": 3
        },
        {
          "code": "P13-S",
          "name": "Inverse relationships not explicitly declared - Symmetric or Transitive?",
          "importance": "minor",
          "affected": 4
        },
        {
          "code": "P24",
          "name": "Using recursive definitions",
          "importance": "important",
          "affected": 9
        },
        {
          "code": "P30",
          "name": "Equivalent classes not explicitly declared",
          "importance": "important",
          "affected": 4
        },
        {
          "code": "P31",
          "name": "Defining wrong equivalent classes",
          "importance": "critical",
          "affected": 4
        },
        {
          "code": "P41",
          "name": "No license declared",
          "importance": "important",
          "affected": 1
        }
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      "attempts": [],
      "checkedAt": "2026-10-25T21:41:46.707Z",
      "sha256": "063a7cd86690bb72d01bb0260c5418a5f7568dd702df67f1dcc02879801fa9d9",
      "source": "data/quality/gfo.json"
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    "releases": {
      "dates": [],
      "lastYear": 0,
      "from": null
    },
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      "prefix": "gfo",
      "name": "General Formal Ontology",
      "mappings": {
        "aberowl": "GFO",
        "bioportal": "GFO",
        "fairsharing": "FAIRsharing.175hsz",
        "tib.ts": "gfo"
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      "dependsOn": [],
      "appearsIn": [],
      "license": "CC-BY-4.0",
      "version": "Version 1.0 ($Revision: 1.13 $)",
      "deprecated": false,
      "page": "https://bioregistry.io/gfo",
      "source": "https://bioregistry.io/api/registry/gfo",
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      "source": "https://www.onto-med.de/sites/www.onto-med.de/files/files/uploads/Ontologies/gfo.owl",
      "isRdf": true,
      "versionInfo": "Version 1.0 ($Revision: 1.9 $)",
      "etag": "\"cd0e-587c93ef56880\"",
      "contentType": null,
      "fetchedAt": "2026-10-26T02:57:38.562Z"
    },
    "score": 13,
    "gross": 41,
    "earned": 41,
    "possible": 100,
    "qualityApplies": true,
    "penalty": {
      "score": -28,
      "reason": "7.5 years → 4 × max(0, 7.5 − 1) (capped); 1 unsatisfiable classes; 1 critical pitfall type (P31) × 3",
      "steps": [
        {
          "label": "Time since last activity",
          "pts": -20,
          "detail": "7.5 years → 4 × max(0, 7.5 − 1) (capped)"
        },
        {
          "label": "Inactive status",
          "pts": 0,
          "detail": "not archived, legacy or inactive"
        },
        {
          "label": "Unsatisfiable classes",
          "pts": -5,
          "detail": "1 unsatisfiable classes"
        },
        {
          "label": "Critical pitfalls",
          "pts": -3,
          "detail": "1 critical pitfall type (P31) × 3"
        },
        {
          "label": "ROBOT report errors",
          "pts": 0,
          "detail": "139 errors against OBO conventions; not penalised (not an OBO-style ontology)"
        }
      ]
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    "consistent": true,
    "grade": "E",
    "fair": 34,
    "breakdown": {
      "findable": {
        "score": 5,
        "max": 12,
        "steps": [
          {
            "label": "Persistent identifier (F1)",
            "pts": 0,
            "max": 4,
            "detail": "no PURL / w3id / DOI for the artefact"
          },
          {
            "label": "Indexed in services (F4)",
            "pts": 5,
            "max": 5,
            "detail": "4: TIB, BioPortal, Bioregistry, FAIRsharing"
          },
          {
            "label": "Citable reference (F2)",
            "pts": 0,
            "max": 3,
            "detail": "no reference publication listed"
          }
        ],
        "notes": [
          "Persistent identifier (F1): no PURL / w3id / DOI for the artefact",
          "Citable reference (F2): no reference publication listed"
        ]
      },
      "accessible": {
        "score": 12,
        "max": 12,
        "steps": [
          {
            "label": "Homepage reachable",
            "pts": 3,
            "max": 3,
            "detail": "HTTP 200"
          },
          {
            "label": "Artefact retrievable over HTTP(S) (A1)",
            "pts": 6,
            "max": 6,
            "detail": "download HTTP 200"
          },
          {
            "label": "Metadata persists in a registry (A2)",
            "pts": 3,
            "max": 3,
            "detail": "Bioregistry"
          }
        ],
        "notes": []
      },
      "interoperable": {
        "score": 8,
        "max": 12,
        "steps": [
          {
            "label": "Formal machine-readable format (I1)",
            "pts": 5,
            "max": 5,
            "detail": "OWL"
          },
          {
            "label": "Semantic-web IRIs (I2)",
            "pts": 3,
            "max": 3,
            "detail": "OWL"
          },
          {
            "label": "References other vocabularies (I3)",
            "pts": 0,
            "max": 4,
            "detail": "no imported vocabularies found"
          }
        ],
        "notes": [
          "References other vocabularies (I3): no imported vocabularies found"
        ]
      },
      "reusable": {
        "score": 9,
        "max": 12,
        "steps": [
          {
            "label": "Clear license (R1.1)",
            "pts": 5,
            "max": 5,
            "detail": "CC BY 4.0"
          },
          {
            "label": "Release provenance (R1.2)",
            "pts": 4,
            "max": 4,
            "detail": "Version 1.0 ($Revision: 1.9 $) (version info in the artefact)"
          },
          {
            "label": "Community standards (R1.3)",
            "pts": 0,
            "max": 3,
            "detail": "no independent compliance report (not on the OBO Dashboard)"
          }
        ],
        "notes": [
          "Community standards (R1.3): no independent compliance report (not on the OBO Dashboard)"
        ]
      },
      "quality": {
        "score": 7,
        "max": 20,
        "steps": [
          {
            "label": "Logical consistency",
            "pts": 5,
            "max": 10,
            "detail": "consistent, 1 unsatisfiable classes (ROBOT ELK in SchemaScope CI)"
          },
          {
            "label": "OWL 2 DL profile",
            "pts": 2,
            "max": 2,
            "detail": "in OWL 2 DL"
          },
          {
            "label": "Upper-ontology alignment",
            "pts": 0,
            "max": 3,
            "detail": "no BFO/COB/DOLCE import found"
          },
          {
            "label": "Standard relations (RO)",
            "pts": 0,
            "max": 1,
            "detail": "does not import the Relation Ontology"
          },
          {
            "label": "ROBOT report: no errors",
            "pts": 0,
            "max": 2,
            "detail": "139 errors"
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          {
            "label": "ROBOT report: warning density",
            "pts": 0,
            "max": 1,
            "detail": "146 warnings / 1 classes = 146.00"
          },
          {
            "label": "Pitfall scan: no critical pitfalls",
            "pts": 0,
            "max": 1,
            "detail": "1 critical, 4 important, 4 minor pitfall types (OOPS! (local Docker))"
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          "Upper-ontology alignment: no BFO/COB/DOLCE import found",
          "Standard relations (RO): does not import the Relation Ontology",
          "ROBOT report: no errors: 139 errors",
          "ROBOT report: warning density: 146 warnings / 1 classes = 146.00",
          "Pitfall scan: no critical pitfalls: 1 critical, 4 important, 4 minor pitfall types (OOPS! (local Docker))"
        ]
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        "max": 16,
        "steps": [
          {
            "label": "Recency",
            "pts": 0,
            "max": 10,
            "detail": "2019-05-01 → 89.9 months (older / unknown)"
          },
          {
            "label": "Release cadence (12 months)",
            "pts": 0,
            "max": 6,
            "detail": "0 releases"
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        ],
        "notes": [
          "Recency: 2019-05-01 → 89.9 months (older / unknown)",
          "Release cadence (12 months): 0 releases"
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        "steps": [
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            "label": "Documented adopting projects",
            "pts": 0,
            "max": 7,
            "detail": "0 projects"
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          {
            "label": "Reused by other ontologies",
            "pts": 0,
            "max": 4,
            "detail": "0"
          },
          {
            "label": "Community signal",
            "pts": 0,
            "max": 5,
            "detail": "max(stars 0 → 0, citations 0 → 0)"
          }
        ],
        "notes": [
          "Documented adopting projects: 0 projects",
          "Reused by other ontologies: 0",
          "Community signal: max(stars 0 → 0, citations 0 → 0)"
        ]
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